Risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia are: recent surgery, intubation, which is the process of placing a tube in the trachaea, mechanical ventilation, aspiration, presence of nasogastric tubes, and the use of respiratory therapy equipment. The causative agents are Legionella from water or potting mix. People can get Legionnaires’ disease or Pontiac fever when they breathe in small droplets of water in the air that contain Legionella. Bacteria of the genus Legionella cause Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever, collectively referred to as legionellosis. Older adults, smokers and people with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to Legionnaires' disease.The legionella bacterium also causes Pontiac fever, a milder illness resembling the flu. Legionnaires' disease (Legionellosis) is a bacterial disease which may cause pneumonia. Patients with Legionnaires’ disease always require antibiotic treatment following diagnosis.The public health threat posed by legionellosis can be addressed by implementing water safety plans by authorities responsible for building safety or water system safety. CDC twenty four seven. The incubation period is from a few and up to 48 hours. In general, people do not spread Legionnaires’ disease to other people. Legionellosis is the general term for two distinct forms of illness caused by Legionella bacteria: Legionnaires’ disease, which can be severe and include pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a mild flu-like illness.. Legionnaires’ disease was named in 1976 when an outbreak of pneumonia occurred among persons attending a convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia.

Most cases occur as single isolated events. © In rare occasions, severe progressive pneumonia or ineffective treatment for pneumonia can result in brain sequelae.The death rate as a result of Legionnaires’ disease depends on: the severity of the disease, the appropriateness of initial anti-microbial treatment, the setting where legionella was acquired, and host factors (for example, the disease is usually more serious in patients with immuno-suppression). Overall the death rate is usually within the range of 5–10%. Since many countries lack appropriate methods of diagnosing the infection or sufficient surveillance systems, the rate of occurrence is unknown. The bacteria can be found in many places in the environment, such as plumbing systems and hot water tanks, air-conditioning cooling towers, fountains, and whirlpool spas.

No deaths are associated with this type of infection.Legionnaires’ disease, the pneumonic form, has an incubation period of 2 to 10 days (but up to 16 days has been recorded in some outbreaks).

The most common cause of illness is the freshwater species L. pneumophila which is found in natural aquatic environments worldwide. The bacteria live and grow in water systems at temperatures of 20 to 50 deg… However, artificial water systems which provide environments conducive to the growth and dissemination of Legionellarepresent the most likely sources of disease.

The mode of transmission is usually aspiration. In common with other risk factors causing severe pneumonia, the most frequent complications of legionellosis are respiratory failure, shock and acute kidney and multi-organ failure. Recovery always requires antibiotic treatment, and is usually complete, after several weeks or months. It's caused by a bacterium known as legionella.Most people catch Legionnaires' disease by inhaling the bacteria from water or soil. People at increased risk of aspiration include those with s… Less commonly, people can get sick by aspiration of drinking water containing Legionella. WHO makes available technical resources to support the management and control of Legionella and advises Member States when specific queries are raised.

After Legionella grows and multiplies in a building water system, water containing Legionellathen has to spread in droplets small enough for people to breathe in. Legionella is not usually transmitted from person-to-person. There is no vaccine currently available for Legionnaires’ disease.The nonpneumonic form of infection is self-limiting and does not require medical interventions, including antibiotic treatment.

However, a sin… Blood-streaked phlegm or hemoptysis occurs in about one-third of the patients. Legionnaires’ disease is believed to occur worldwide.The identified incidence of Legionnaires’ disease varies widely according to the level of surveillance and reporting. People typically get sick 2-10 days after they breathe in tiny droplets of water in the air containing the bacteria. Other types include L. longbeachae, L. feeleii, L. micdadei, and L. anisa. legionellosis-outbreak-data-collection-toolbox-20112019Legionellosis varies in severity from a mild febrile illness to a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia and is caused by exposure to It is often categorized as being community, travel or hospital acquired based on the type of exposure.The infective dose is unknown, but can be assumed to be low for susceptible people, as illnesses have occurred after short exposures and 3 or more km from the source of outbreaks. There is also usually an initial mild cough, but as many as 50% of patients can present phlegm. These plans must be specific to the building or water system, and should result in the introduction and regular monitoring of control measures against identified risks including Prevention of Legionnaires’ disease depends on applying control measures to minimize the growth of Legionella and dissemination of aerosols.

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